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ISSUES IN SOCIOLINGUISTICS
SOCIOLINGUISTICS
Sociolingustics is a broad subfield in linguistics. Sociolinguistics is the study of how social norms and the social context affect language use. According to P. Trudgill (1974: 32) "Sociolinguistics is that part of linguistics which is concerned with language as a social and cultural phenomenon. It investigates the field of language and society & has close connections with the social sciences, especially social psychology, anthropology, human geography and sociology." Sociolinguistics focuses on things like social norms, language varieties, group membership and language attitudes.
Sociolinguist would analyze a number of possible features in the language that reveals how social norms drive language use. For example:
- come with me, would you please?
- will you please come with me?
- sorry to bother you sir, would you mind coming with me, please?
SOCIAL NORMS
Social norms can regulate how people take turns in a conversation how we show interest in the speaker, how people of different social status talk to each other, and so forth. Norms can vary depending on where they are found, environment and culture, and the behaviour. As well. Over time, social norms may also shift or be changed. For example the use of a formal and an infomal "you" in the following :
- Reverential/very formal : Good morning, sir. How are you doing today?
- Formal : Hello! How are you?
- Familiar/intimate : Hey! How's it going?
LANGUAGE VARIATION
Language varieties are not just a curiosity. In the language variation, there are the different country and in the different country it is okay if the different pronounciation such as supper or dinner because the meaning is the same.
GROUP MEMBERSHIPS
Accents and regionalisms are also used as markers of groups membership. Even in the same area, you may find language variation depending on the speaker's age, gender, social status and so forth. Language varieties in different age groups. The younger generation tends to create changes in the language innovations in vocabulary and language use. Millennials are making innovations in vocabulary, for the example:
-salty
-thirsty
-lit
-cancel
-woke
-clap back
-adulting
-yas
The adult generation judges that the younger generation is corrupting the words. But, year for year, the group will make the innovation of words, so people do not need to judge the group. Because, other generations may and up adopting some of these innovations. Furthermore, adult judge younger generation "corrupting the language".
THE LANGUAGE ATTITUDE
The language attitude associated with this perceived group membership. Language attitude trigger stereotypical perceptions.
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